Introduction to Experience Sampling Methods:Design & Measure - Dr. Shawn McClean

An ESM study that schedules all surveys at predetermined intervals (i.e., the same schedule for all people and all surveys) is known as…

Interval contingent
Signal contingent
Event contingent
Idiosyncratic

Which of the following research questions might best be considered a within-person research question?

Does addressing interruptions foster positive or negative affect?
Is extraversion associated with greater leader emergence?
Which traits area associated with greater job performance?
Does a belief in a just world lead employees to intervene (less) when their coworkers are mistreated?

Which of the following method biases or confounds can ESM studies directly account for by design?

Participants’ response tendency (e.g., strictness, lenience)
The transient mood of participants
Daily contextual factors
None of the above

Which of the following names does not refer to ESM studies in principle?

All of these are fundamentally the same as an ESM study
Daily diary method
Ecological momentary assessment
Daily experience sampling

Which of the following variance components can ESM studies directly examine?

Both within- and between-person variance
Only within-person variance
Only between-person variance
Neither within- nor between-person variance

Best practice for a daily ESM study would suggest at least how many surveys per day?

2
1
3
4

Presume that you have two surveys per day, and wish to measure a model with an experiential IV, an attitudinal/affective mechanism, and a behavioral outcome. In the first daily survey (captured at the midpoint of the workday) you ask about the employee’s experiences “so far at work today…” Since you want to maximize temporal separation to the extent possible, you want to measure your behavioral outcomes in the second survey (i.e., “since the last survey, I…”). Which of the following stems would best suit your attitudinal/affective mechanism, as measured in the first daily survey?

“Right now…”
“So far today…”
“Since the last survey…”
“Since arriving at work…”

Which of the following is a challenge associated with using “other reports” in ESM studies?

All of these
Coworkers may not see the focal employee each day
Coworkers may provide responses that are not fully accurate (e.g., they “want” to be helpful and provide some data)
Coworkers cannot perceive internal states of the focal employee

Which of the following is a primary benefit of utilizing clear and defined survey windows?

Such windows create explicit temporal boundaries for recall
None of these
Such windows means that participants complete more surveys each day
Such windows make it harder to create temporal separation

Best practice for a daily ESM study would suggest at least how many weeks of surveys?

2
1
3
4

Which of the following types of information should researchers provide to participants in the introduction of a signup survey?

All of these
The procedure of the study (e.g., survey duration and daily frequency)
The compensation participants will receive based on their level of participation
The eligibility criteria for participation (e.g., full-time employment)

Which of the following is the reason why researchers include scheduling questions in the signup survey?

For logistical purposes (e.g., to send surveys at optimal times for participants)
For empirical purposes (e.g., to assist with data analysis)
For theoretical purposes (e.g., to inform better theoretical perspectives)
None of these

Which of the following survey flow elements should be used to direct participants down specific survey paths based on conditional logic?

Branch
Embedded data
Randomizer
Block

Which of the following is the best way to customize emails or surveys for each participant using their full name or survey date?

Use embedded data in the survey flow
Manually create and send multiple versions of emails or surveys
Customization is not possible; all questionnaires must be identical
None of the above

Which of the following types of randomization can be applied when setting up surveys?

All of these
Randomizing items within a scale
Randomizing scales within a block
Randomizing blocks in the survey flow

Which of the following is an advantage of using idiosyncratic schedules?

All of these
It can increase response rates.
It demonstrates researchers’ investment in participants and helps build rapport with them.
It better reflects reality, as people have different schedules.

Which of the following time points should researchers consider when scheduling ESM surveys?

All of these
Survey distribution time
Survey closing time
Reminder message time

Which of the following approaches can be used to manage panels (i.e., different surveys scheduled at different times for different groups)?

Create separate contact files for each group
Use sampling criteria function to create subgroups within the entire list

Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the following is the only step required if someone decides to stop participating?

Opt-out prior record and delete email address
Delete prior record
Create new record
No action is required

Which of the following actions can researchers take if participants forget to complete a daily survey?

Use generic survey option, but code for the “wrong” time
Nothing—the daily data must be dropped as the time window has passed
Nothing—any intervention may compromise causal inference
Resend the same survey used previously

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Introduction to Experience Sampling Methods:Design & Measure – Dr. Shawn McClean

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